Weather is how the atmosphere is on a scale from hot to cold, from wet to dry, from calm to stormy, from clear to cloudy. Weather generally refers to day to day conditions. While climate is the average weather conditions over longer periods of time. Weather happens because of temperature and moisture differences in two different places. Differences occur because of the angle of the sun at any spot on the planet. And this varies from the latitude from the tropics.
Some instruments used to measure weather are;Thermometer, Barometer, psychrometer, Anemometer, Rain Gauge, Hydrometer.
This is a thermometer.A thermometer measures the temperature of objects. The word thermometer is made of the word thermo which means heat and meter of to measure. On a regular bulb thermometer like the one in the picture at right there is a red or silver line that will reach higher when it is warmer and will be lower when it is colder. This line is a liquid. This liquid can be either colored alcohol or mercury. Both liquids expand when they grow hotter but in the glass tube there is no place tho expand but up. So when it gets hotter and the liquids expand the line go higher in the tube. There are numbers marked on the side to say what the temperature is when the line is at that point. Temperature can be measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
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The picture at right is a diagram of a barometer. Barometers are used widely to measure atmospheric pressure a.k.a. air pressure of barometric pressure. Which is the weight of the air. There are mainly two types of barometers. There is the most available and reliable mercury barometers and newer digital barometers made with aneroid. The mercury barometers are usually about a 3 foot tall glass tube with one open end and a closed off end. The tube full of mercury is upside down on in a container which is called a reservoir also containing mercury. The mecury in the tube will fall creating a vacuum. The barometer will work by balancing the weight of the mercury in the tube with the preasure of the air outside.
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The picture right is a psychrometer. Psychrometers are used to measure relative humidity. Sometimes called wet and dry bulb thermometers. These instruments are made of two similar thermometers that are side by side. The dry bulb is exposed to air. The wet bulb is covered by a wet cloth. The faster the evaporation the less humidity there is. Then using humidity tables or a calculator one can then find the relative humidity.
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Picture found>>>^Anemometers are used to measdure the speed and the direction of wind. There are three types of anemometers. The spinning cup anemometer measures only wind speed. The windmill anemometer is a shaft with a tail fin and propeller mounted to a vertical pole. The tail will catch the wind and then turn the anemoter to face the wind. This anemometer can be used to measure wind speed and wind direction. There is another anemometer it is the sonic anemometer. This uses ultra sonic sound waves to measure the speed of the wind and the direction.Two pairs of ultrasound devices that send/recieve sound was face each other from 4 in to 8 in apart. By sending sonic waves to and fro it can measure wind direction and speed. This anemometer takes accurate readings.
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Image at right is a diagram of a rain gauge.
A common rain gauge that is used by officials and airports is made of a large cylinder containing a funnel and smaller tube inside. The smaller tube is there so that more precise measurements can be taken. The measurements are more precise because of the exaggeration on the tube.
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